Prelims – 19th Nov 23

Sanchi Stupa

It was built by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the third century BC.
It enshrines religious relics or remains of the Buddha and his most revered disciples.
Structure:
- It is enclosed by a massive stone railing pierced by four gateways, which are adorned with elaborate carvings (known as Sanchi sculpture).
- The stupa itself consists of a base bearing a hemispherical dome (anda), symbolizing the dome of heaven enclosing the earth.
- It is surmounted by a squared rail unit (harmika) representing the world mountain, from which rises a mast (yashti), symbolizing the cosmic axis.
- The mast bears umbrellas (chatras) that represent the various heavens (devaloka).

Sanchi Stupa

It is a business model by which companies make a concerted effort to operate in ways that enhance rather than degrade society and the environment.
It helps both improve various aspects of society as well as promote a positive brand image of companies.
Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 makes it mandatory for the following companies having in the immediately preceding financial year:
- Every company having a net worth of rupees five hundred crores or more, or
- Every company having a turnover of rupees one thousand crores or more, or
- Every company has a net profit of rupees five crores or more to comply with CSR provisions.

It is a mechanism for multilateral financing by developed countries to support an energy transition in developing countries.
It aims to reduce emissions in the energy sector and accelerate the coal phase-out.
Transition describes the gradual movement towards lower carbon technologies, while ‘Just’ qualifies that this transition will not negatively impact society, jobs and livelihoods.
It was launched at the COP26 in Glasgow with the support of the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), France, Germany, and the European Union (EU).
Senegal has become the fourth country after South Africa, Indonesia and Vietnam to sign the JET-P deal, with the International Partners Group comprising France, Germany, the European Union, the United Kingdom and Canada.
India refused to give its consent, saying that coal cannot be singled out as a polluting fuel and that energy transition talks need to take place on equal terms.