DAY 9 (24-09-23)
Q1. With reference to GOBARdhan scheme, consider the following statements :
- It was launched in 2020.
- It is implemented by department of Non-Conventional Energy Resources under Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
- It aims to convert waste to wealth towards promoting circular economy.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: GOBARdhan scheme was launched in April 2018 by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation under the Jal Shakti Ministry.
Statement 2 is correct: The scheme is implemented under the Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin-Phase 2, by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation under the Jal Shakti ministry.
Statement 3 is correct: The scheme is a vital umbrella initiative based on the whole of Government approach and aims to convert waste to wealth towards promoting circular economy. It encourages farmers to consider dung and other waste not just as a waste but as a source of income.
Q2. Which one of the following factors constitutes the best safeguard of liberty in a liberal democracy?
(a) A committed judiciary
(b) Centralization of powers
(c) Elected government
(d) Separation of powers
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The Separation of powers between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary constitute an important safeguard of liberty in a liberal democracy. The doctrine of Separation of powers entails the division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government among different organs. This separation minimizes the possibility of arbitrary excesses by the government, since all the three organs acts as check and balance on the powers of each other. Therefore, none of the three organs can usurp the essential functions of other organs. This demarcation prevents the concentration of excessive power by any branch of the Government. It thus helps to safeguard the liberty and rights of the people in a democracy. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Q3. Which of the following explain the term economic growth?
- Increase in the per capita production
- Increase in the per capita income
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Statement 1 and 2 both are correct: Economic growth is defined as an increase in the production of economic goods and services from one period of time to another. It is a process by which a country’s real national and per capita income increases over time. It can be measured in nominal or real (inflation-adjusted) terms. Historically, aggregate economic growth has been measured in terms of gross national product (GNP) or gross domestic product (GDP), though other metrics are occasionally used. Factors influencing Economic Growth – Human Resources, Infrastructure Development, Planned Utilization of Natural Resources, Population Growth, etc.
Q4. We adopted parliamentary democracy based on the British model, but how does our model differ from that model?
- In UK, the Parliament is supreme or sovereign but in India, the power of the Parliament to legislate is limited.
- In India, matters related to the constitutionality of the Amendment of an Act of the Parliament are referred to the Constitution Bench by the Supreme Court.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Parliamentary sovereignty is a principle of the UK constitution. It makes Parliament the supreme legal authority in the UK, which can create or end any law. Generally, the courts cannot overrule its legislation and no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change. Indian Parliament is not a sovereign body like the British Parliament. The Indian Parliament may, in exercise of its constituent power, amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down for the purpose. However, the Parliament cannot amend those provisions which form the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution. This was ruled by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
Statement 2 is correct: In India, matters related to the constitutionality of an amendment of an act of the Parliament are referred to the Constitution Bench by the Supreme Court. A Constitution Bench is a bench of the Supreme Court having five or more judges on it. These benches are not a routine phenomenon. A vast majority of cases before the Supreme Court are heard and decided by a bench of two judges (called a Division Bench), and sometimes of three. Constitution Benches are set up when the case involves a substantial question of law pertaining to the interpretation of the Constitution (Article 145(3) of the Constitution, which mandates that such matters be heard by a bench of not less than five judges).
Q5. Which of the following organisms have been tagged as Critically Endangered by IUCN?
- Great Indian Bustard
- Gharial
- Snow Leopard
- Lion Tailed Macaque
- Golden Langoor
Choose the correct answer from the code given below
(a) 1, 2, 3 only
(b) 2, 4 and 5 only
(c) 1, 3 and 5 only
(d) 1 and 2 only
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
- Snow Leopard – Vulnerable
- Great Indian Bustard – Critically Endangered
- Gharial – Critically Endangered
- Golden Langue – Endangered
- Lion Tailed Macaque – Endangered