Daily MCQs – 19th Oct 23
Q1. Consider the following statements :
- Some bacterial diseases are not directly caused by a bacterium, but by a toxin produced by the bacterium.
- Subunit vaccines are used against the toxins produced by bacteria.
- Conjugate vaccines are made using pieces from the coats of bacteria.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct:Some bacterial diseases are not directly caused by a bacterium, but by a toxin produced by the bacterium. One example is tetanus: the Clostridium tetani bacterium does not cause its symptoms, a neurotoxin it produces (tetanospasmin) does. Immunizations for this type of pathogen can be made by inactivating the toxin that causes disease symptoms. As with organisms or viruses used in killed or inactivated vaccines, this can be done via treatment with a chemical, such as formalin, or by using heat or other methods.
Statement 2 is correct: Immunizations created using inactivated toxins are called toxoids. Toxoids can actually be considered killed or inactivated vaccines, but are sometimes given their own category to highlight that they contain an inactivated toxin, not an inactivated form of bacteria.
Statement 3 is incorrect:Conjugate vaccines are made using two different components. Conjugate vaccines, however, are made using pieces from the coats of bacteria. These coats are chemically linked to a carrier protein, and the combination is used as a vaccine. Conjugate vaccines are used to create a more powerful, combined immune response: Typically, the “piece” of bacteria presented would not generate a strong immune response on its own, while the carrier protein would.
Q2. With reference to Volcanoes consider the following statements :
- The shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth.
- Composite Volcanoes are characterized by eruptions of cooler and more viscous lavas than basalt.
- Caldera is the most explosive of the earth’s volcanoes.
Choose the correct statement(s) using the code given below
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth. The Hawaiian volcanoes are the most famous examples. These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when erupted. For this reason, these volcanoes are not steep. They become explosive if somehow water gets into the vent; otherwise, they are characterized by low-explosivity.
Statement 2 is correct: Composite Volcanoes volcanoes are characterized by eruptions of cooler and more viscous lavas than basalt. These volcanoes often result in explosive eruptions. Along with lava, large quantities of pyroclastic material and ashes find their way to the ground. This material accumulates in the vicinity of the vent openings leading to formation of layers, and this makes the mounts appear as composite volcanoes.
Statement 3 is correct: Caldera is the most explosive of the earth’s volcanoes. They are usually so explosive that when they erupt, they tend to collapse on themselves rather than building any tall structure. The collapsed depressions are called calderas. Their explosiveness indicates that the magma chamber supplying the lava is not only huge but is also in close vicinity.
Q3. Consider the following statements :
- Harappan people wore ornaments of different varieties.
- There is evidence of ornaments being buried along with dead bodies in Harappan times.
Choose the correct statement(s) using the code given below
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct:The Harappan men and women decorated themselves with a large variety of ornaments produced from every conceivable material ranging from precious metals, gemstones, bone and even baked clay. Necklaces, armlets and finger rings were common and worn by both males and females. While women wore girdles, earrings and anklets.
Statement 2 is correct: Evidences of dead bodies buried along with ornaments have also been found. Harappans were also conscious of fashion (as different hair styles, wearing of a beard etc. have been found).
Q4. Third Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains the forms of oath and affirmation of many of the constitutional post.Which of the following is not one of them?
(a) State Legislature Elections’ Candidates
(b) Parliament Election Candidates
(c) Union Ministers of India
(d) Chief Election Commissioner
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Third Schedule contains the forms of oath and affirmation for:
- Union Ministers of India
- Parliament Election Candidates
- Members of Parliament (MPs)
- Supreme Court Judges
- Comptroller and Auditor General
- State Ministers
- State Legislature Elections’ Candidates
- State Legislature Members
- High Court Judges
Q5. Consider the following statements regarding STEVE Phenomenon :
- It is a rare, mysterious, glowing purple arc that runs east to west and occurs closer to the Poles.
- It is similar to the Auroras.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect:Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) first appeared in the sky in 2017 and has been appearing often since. It is a rare, mysterious, glowing purple arc that runs east to west and occurs closer to the equator.
Statement 2 is incorrect: While the skylights, STEVE and the Auroras might seem similar, they are nothing alike. The STEVE phenomenon is closer to the equator than the Auroras.