Defence Acquisition Procedure

It includes following procurement categories: Buy (Indian – Indigenously Designed Developed and Manufactured), Buy (Indian), Buy and Make (Indian), Buy (Global – Manufacture in India) and Buy (Global).

 

What is Permafrost?

• Permafrost is essentially any soil or underwater sediment that stays frozen — 0 degree Celsius or lower — for at least two years straight.
• In areas not covered by ice, it exists beneath a layer of soil, rock, or sediment, which freezes and thaws annually and is called the “active layer”.
• Around 11% of the global surface is underlain by permafrost, with total area of around 18 mn sq km.
• Permafrost region includes – Alaska, Greenland, Canada, Sibera in North as well as regions like Tibetan mountains etc. In south only a minority of permafrost exists like in Andes, Southern Alps of New Zealand and beneath the massive ice sheets of Antarctica.
• This region contains large amounts of dead biomass that have accumulated throughout millennia without having had the chance to fully decompose and release their carbon, making tundra soil a carbon sink.

 

Aadhaar-enabled Payment System (AePS)

• Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS) is a payment service that allows a bank customer to use Aadhaar as his/her identity to access his/her Aadhaar enabled bank account and perform basic banking transactions like balance enquiry, cash withdrawal, remittances through a Business Correspondent.
• It is created by National Payments Corporation of India.
• The only inputs required for a customer to do a transaction under this scenario are: –

• • Bank Name
  • Aadhaar Number
  • Fingerprint captured during enrolment.
• The model removes the need for OTPs, bank account details, and other financial details.