Capital vs Revenue Budget

Budget is generally divided into – Revenue and Capital

Revenue Account

1. Revenue Receipts
   1. Tax Revenue
   2. Non-Tax Revenue (Interests, dividends)
2. Revenue Expenditure – Revenue expenditures are those expenses that do not result in the creation of assets. Basically, revenue expenditures are short-term expenditures done within a year.

 

Capital Account

1. 1. Capital Receipts
      1. Debt Receipt (Borrowing)
      2. Non-Debt Receipts (Disinvestments, Loan Recovery)
   2. Capital Expenditure – Capital expenditure is any expenditure to buy a non-current asset, i.e. any asset that has more than one-year life.
      1. Acquisition of fixed and intangible assets
      2. Upgrading existing asset
      3. Loan Repayment

 

---

 

Heat Wave

• A spring heat wave across large parts of Australia’s southeast, including Sydney, will intensify on Monday, the weather bureau said, with temperatures expected to peak up to 16 degrees Celsius (60 Fahrenheit) above the September average.

• Qualitatively, a heat wave is a condition of air temperature which becomes fatal to the human body when exposed.
• Quantitatively, it is defined based on the temperature thresholds over a region in terms of actual temperature or its deviation from normal.
• A heat wave is considered if the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40 degrees Celsius or more forthe plains and at least 30 degree celsius or more for Hilly regions.

 

---

UNESCO World Heritage List

• The Hoysala temples at Belur, Halebidu, and Somanathapur in Karnataka were declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites on September 18.

• The Hoysala temples are known for evolving a distinct style that is ornate with temple architecture following a stellate plan built on a raised platform.
• The material used in temple construction is choloritic schist, also known as soapstone, whicht is soft and amiable to carving.
• The Chennakeshava temple in Belur began construction in 1117 CE under King Vishnuvardhana, taking 103 years to finish. The Hoysaleshwara temple started in 1121 CE. The Keshava temple in Somanathapur, Mysuru, was commissioned by Somanatha Dandanayaka in 1268 CE during Narasimha III’s rule.

 

---

 

Gold ETF

• Gold exchange-traded funds (ETFs) attracted Rs 1,028 crore in August, making it the highest inflow in 16 months, amid continued hikes in interest rates in the US, which led to a slowing down in growth rate there.

• Gold, with its superlative performance over the last few years, has attracted significant investor interest, and the consistent surge in its folio numbers is a testimony to the same.
• Gold ETFs, which track the domestic physical gold price, are passive investment instruments that are based on gold prices and invest in gold bullion. In short, Gold ETFs are units representing physical gold which may be in paper or dematerialised form.
• One Gold ETF unit is equal to 1 gram of gold and is backed by physical gold of very high purity. They combine the flexibility of stock investments and the simplicity of gold investments.